Código de Vehículos de California § 14601.2(a) VC lo convierte en un delito menor conducir un vehículo motorizado mientras su licencia está suspendida o revocada por conducir bajo la influencia de alcohol (DUI). Incluso una primera condena conlleva un mínimo de 10 días en la cárcel.
En este artículo, nuestros abogados defensores penales de California discuten los siguientes temas:
1. Elementos de 14601.2(a) VC
Para que sea condenado por violar 14601.2(a) VC, los fiscales deben probar más allá de una duda razonable los siguientes tres elementos de la Instrucción del Jurado Penal de California (“CALCRIM”) 2220:
- Condujo un vehículo cuando sus privilegios de conducir estaban suspendidos o revocados;
- Sus privilegios de conducir fueron suspendidos o revocados por una condena de 23152 VC (DUI), o 23153 VC (DUI que causa lesiones); y
- Sabía que sus privilegios de conducir estaban suspendidos o revocados.1
Tenga en cuenta que el tribunal presume que sabía de la suspensión/revocación si el DMV le envió un aviso de ello.2
Violar 14601.2(a) VC es un delito menor en California.
2. Defensas
Aquí en el Grupo de Leyes de Shouse, hemos representado literalmente a miles de personas acusadas de delitos de tráfico en California, como conducir con una licencia suspendida por DUI. En nuestra experiencia, las siguientes tres defensas han demostrado ser muy efectivas para reducir los cargos de 14601.2(a) VC a infracciones o desestimarlos.
- No sabía de la suspensión: Si realmente no sabía que su licencia estaba suspendida, entonces no es un delito conducir. Sin embargo, esta defensa rara vez funciona si el DMV le envió un aviso de suspensión.
- No estaba conduciendo: Tal vez solo estaba sentado en el asiento del conductor sin el motor en marcha. O tal vez otra persona estaba conduciendo y la policía pensó erróneamente que era usted. A menos que el fiscal pueda demostrar que estaba operando un vehículo motorizado, los cargos no pueden sostenerse.
- No fue condenado por DUI. Si su suspensión de licencia se debió a razones que no sean DUI, su cargo debería reducirse a conducir con una licencia suspendida bajo 14601(a) VC (que no conlleva tiempo obligatorio en la cárcel). La evidencia típica en estos casos son los registros judiciales anteriores.
Conducir con una licencia suspendida por DUI conlleva al menos 10 días en la cárcel por primera vez.
3. Penas
Conducir con una licencia suspendida o revocada debido a conducir bajo la influencia es un delito menor en California. Una condena por primera vez de violar 14601.2(a) VC es:
- 10 días a 6 meses en la cárcel y/o
- una multa de hasta $1,000.3
Una segunda condena dentro de los cinco años desde la primera conlleva:
- 30 días a 1 año en la cárcel y/o
- una multa de hasta $2,000.4
Tenga en cuenta que aún debe cumplir el plazo mínimo de prisión incluso si el juez le otorga libertad condicional por delito menor.
El DMV le envía por correo un aviso de suspensión/revocación que dificulta el caso de 14601.2(a) VC.
4. Delitos relacionados
DUI – 23152 VC
Código de Vehículos 23152(a) VC hace que sea un delito en California operar un vehículo motorizado “bajo la influencia” del alcohol. “Bajo la influencia” significa que sus habilidades físicas o mentales están afectadas en la medida en que ya no puede conducir tan bien como una persona sobria y cautelosa.5
23152(a) VC es el estándar “subjetivo” para DUI. En contraste, Código de Vehículos 23152(b) VC establece el estándar “per se” de DUI: Conducir con un contenido de alcohol en la sangre (BAC) del 0.08% o más, ya sea que esté afectado o no.
(b) Except in full compliance with the restriction, a person shall not drive a motor vehicle at any time when that person’s driving privilege is restricted if the person so driving has knowledge of the restriction.
(c) Knowledge of the suspension or revocation of the driving privilege shall be conclusively presumed if mailed notice has been given by the department to the person pursuant to Section 13106. Knowledge of the restriction of the driving privilege shall be presumed if notice has been given by the court to the person. The presumption established by this subdivision is a presumption affecting the burden of proof.
(d) A person convicted of a violation of this section shall be punished as follows:
(1) Upon a first conviction, by imprisonment in the county jail for not less than 10 days or more than six months and by a fine of not less than three hundred dollars ($300) or more than one thousand dollars ($1,000), unless the person has been designated a habitual traffic offender under subdivision (b) of Section 23546, subdivision (b) of Section 23550, or subdivision (d) of Section 23550.5, in which case the person, in addition, shall be sentenced as provided in paragraph (3) of subdivision (e) of Section 14601.3.
(c) Knowledge of the suspension or revocation of the driving privilege shall be conclusively presumed if mailed notice has been given by the department to the person pursuant to Section 13106. Knowledge of the restriction of the driving privilege shall be presumed if notice has been given by the court to the person. The presumption established by this subdivision is a presumption affecting the burden of proof.
(d) A person convicted of a violation of this section shall be punished as follows:
(1) Upon a first conviction, by imprisonment in the county jail for not less than 10 days or more than six months and by a fine of not less than three hundred dollars ($300) or more than one thousand dollars ($1,000), unless the person has been designated a habitual traffic offender under subdivision (b) of Section 23546, subdivision (b) of Section 23550, or subdivision (d) of Section 23550.5, in which case the person, in addition, shall be sentenced as provided in paragraph (3) of subdivision (e) of Section 14601.3.
(d) A person convicted of a violation of this section shall be punished as follows:
(1) Upon a first conviction, by imprisonment in the county jail for not less than 10 days or more than six months and by a fine of not less than three hundred dollars ($300) or more than one thousand dollars ($1,000), unless the person has been designated a habitual traffic offender under subdivision (b) of Section 23546, subdivision (b) of Section 23550, or subdivision (d) of Section 23550.5, in which case the person, in addition, shall be sentenced as provided in paragraph (3) of subdivision (e) of Section 14601.3.
(d) A person convicted of a violation of this section shall be punished as follows:
(1) Upon a first conviction, by imprisonment in the county jail for not less than 10 days or more than six months and by a fine of not less than three hundred dollars ($300) or more than one thousand dollars ($1,000), unless the person has been designated a habitual traffic offender under subdivision (b) of Section 23546, subdivision (b) of Section 23550, or subdivision (d) of Section 23550.5, in which case the person, in addition, shall be sentenced as provided in paragraph (3) of subdivision (e) of Section 14601.3.
(c) Knowledge of the suspension or revocation of the driving privilege shall be conclusively presumed if mailed notice has been given by the department to the person pursuant to Section 13106. Knowledge of the restriction of the driving privilege shall be presumed if notice has been given by the court to the person. The presumption established by this subdivision is a presumption affecting the burden of proof.
(d) A person convicted of a violation of this section shall be punished as follows:
(1) Upon a first conviction, by imprisonment in the county jail for not less than 10 days or more than six months and by a fine of not less than three hundred dollars ($300) or more than one thousand dollars ($1,000), unless the person has been designated a habitual traffic offender under subdivision (b) of Section 23546, subdivision (b) of Section 23550, or subdivision (d) of Section 23550.5, in which case the person, in addition, shall be sentenced as provided in paragraph (3) of subdivision (e) of Section 14601.3.
(d) A person convicted of a violation of this section shall be punished as follows:
(2) Upon a second or subsequent conviction, by imprisonment in the county jail for not less than 30 days or more than one year and by a fine of not less than five hundred dollars ($500) or more than two thousand dollars ($2,000), unless the person has been designated a habitual traffic offender under subdivision (b) of Section 23546, subdivision (b) of Section 23550, or subdivision (d) of Section 23550.5, in which case the person, in addition, shall be sentenced as provided in paragraph (3) of subdivision (e) of Section 14601.3.
(a) A person shall not drive a motor vehicle at any time when that person’s driving privilege is suspended or revoked for a conviction of a violation of Section 23152 or 23153 if the person so driving has knowledge of the suspension or revocation.
(b) Except in full compliance with the restriction, a person shall not drive a motor vehicle at any time when that person’s driving privilege is restricted if the person so driving has knowledge of the restriction.
(c) Knowledge of the suspension or revocation of the driving privilege shall be conclusively presumed if mailed notice has been given by the department to the person pursuant to Section 13106. Knowledge of the restriction of the driving privilege shall be presumed if notice has been given by the court to the person. The presumption established by this subdivision is a presumption affecting the burden of proof.
(d) A person convicted of a violation of this section shall be punished as follows:
(1) Upon a first conviction, by imprisonment in the county jail for not less than 10 days or more than six months and by a fine of not less than three hundred dollars ($300) or more than one thousand dollars ($1,000), unless the person has been designated a habitual traffic offender under subdivision (b) of Section 23546, subdivision (b) of Section 23550, or subdivision (d) of Section 23550.5, in which case the person, in addition, shall be sentenced as provided in paragraph (3) of subdivision (e) of Section 14601.3.
(d) A person convicted of a violation of this section shall be punished as follows:
(1) Upon a first conviction, by imprisonment in the county jail for not less than 10 days or more than six months and by a fine of not less than three hundred dollars ($300) or more than one thousand dollars ($1,000), unless the person has been designated a habitual traffic offender under subdivision (b) of Section 23546, subdivision (b) of Section 23550, or subdivision (d) of Section 23550.5, in which case the person, in addition, shall be sentenced as provided in paragraph (3) of subdivision (e) of Section 14601.3.