Código Penal § 496d PC – Comprar o Recibir un Vehículo Robado

Código Penal de California § 496d PC prohíbe comprar, recibir, vender u ocultar un vehículo que sabes que está robado. Este crimen es un delito mixto, lo que significa que puede ser acusado como:

• delito menor con una pena de hasta 1 año de cárcel y/o $1,000 o
• delito grave con una pena de 16 meses, 2 años o 3 años de cárcel y/o $10,000.

Ejemplos de violaciones de 496d PC incluyen:

• tomar el título de un automóvil que sabes que un amigo robó.
• ayudar a una persona a robar un barco y luego venderlo a alguien.
• comprar un camión a un precio reducido porque sabes que fue robado de un concesionario.

En este artículo, nuestros abogados de defensa criminal de California discuten lo que necesita saber sobre recibir un vehículo robado:

• 1. Elementos del Código Penal 496d
• 2. Defensas
• 3. Libertad condicional
• 4. Delitos relacionados
• Recursos adicionales

1. Elementos del Código Penal 496d

Para que sea condenado por violar el Código Penal de California 496d, los fiscales deben demostrar más allá de una duda razonable los siguientes dos elementos del delito:

1. Compró, recibió, ocultó, vendió o retuvo un vehículo de motor, remolque, equipo de construcción especial o embarcación, y
2. Cuando actuó, sabía que el vehículo de motor, remolque, equipo de construcción especial o embarcación era robado.¹

Por lo tanto, esta ley se extiende no solo a automóviles, motocicletas, camionetas, camiones y remolques: También cubre:

• “Equipo de construcción especial”, que significa vehículos utilizados principalmente fuera de las carreteras para fines de construcción y que no pueden moverse por las carreteras públicas sin un permiso;² y
• “Embarcaciones”, que incluyen:
  • barcos de todo tipo,
  • barcos de vapor,
  • barcos de vapor,
  • barcos de canal,
  • barcazas,
  • veleros y
  • toda estructura adaptada para ser navegada de un lugar a otro para el transporte de mercancías o personas.³

2. Defensas

Aquí en Shouse Law Group, hemos representado literalmente a miles de personas acusadas de robo, incluido recibir un vehículo robado. En nuestra experiencia, las siguientes tres defensas han demostrado ser muy efectivas con los fiscales, jueces y jurados de California para reducir o desestimar los cargos de 496d PC.

1. No sabía que el coche estaba robado. Esta es nuestra defensa más poderosa porque no hay forma de que el fiscal pueda demostrar lo que estaba sucediendo en su cabeza. Si podemos persuadir al fiscal de que tienen pruebas insuficientes para convencer a un jurado de que sabía que el vehículo estaba robado, es posible que estén dispuestos a retirar el caso.⁴
2. Un vendedor lo engañó. Vemos casos todo el tiempo en los que los compradores de automóviles pensaron que estaban haciendo negocios con un vendedor legítimo, pero ese vendedor termina vendiéndoles un automóvil robado sin su conocimiento. Una vez que los fiscales vean que lo que sucedió no fue culpa suya, es posible que acepten desestimar el cargo.
3. La policía encontró el coche a través de una búsqueda ilegal. La policía puede buscar y confiscar propiedad si tienen una orden o una excusa legal para no tener una. Si la policía violó la ley para tomar su vehículo, entonces le pediríamos al juez que suprima (ignore) el coche como evidencia. Si el juez está de acuerdo, el fiscal puede quedarse entonces con muy pocas pruebas para seguir procesando.

3. Libertad condicional

(b) Every person who buys or receives any bicycle that has been stolen or that has been obtained in any manner constituting theft, knowing the property to be stolen, or who conceals, sells, withholds, or aids in concealing, selling, or withholding any bicycle from the owner, knowing the property to be so stolen, shall be punished by imprisonment in a county jail not to exceed one year, or by a fine of not more than one thousand dollars ($1,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment.

(c) Every person who has been convicted of a violation of this section who subsequently is convicted of a violation of this section shall be punished by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for two, three, or four years, or by imprisonment in a county jail not to exceed one year, or by a fine of not more than ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or by both that imprisonment and fine.

(d) Every person who has been convicted of a violation of this section who subsequently is convicted of a felony violation of Section 496 shall be punished by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for two, three, or four years, or by imprisonment in a county jail not to exceed one year, or by a fine of not more than ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or by both that imprisonment and fine.

(e) Every person who has been convicted of a violation of this section who subsequently is convicted of a felony violation of Section 10851 of the Vehicle Code shall be punished by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for two, three, or four years, or by imprisonment in a county jail not to exceed one year, or by a fine of not more than ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or by both that imprisonment and fine.

(f) Every person who has been convicted of a violation of this section who subsequently is convicted of a felony violation of Section 496 or 10851 of the Vehicle Code shall be punished by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for two, three, or four years, or by imprisonment in a county jail not to exceed one year, or by a fine of not more than ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or by both that imprisonment and fine.

(g) Every person who has been convicted of a violation of this section who subsequently is convicted of a felony violation of Section 666 of the Penal Code shall be punished by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for two, three, or four years, or by imprisonment in a county jail not to exceed one year, or by a fine of not more than ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or by both that imprisonment and fine.

(h) Every person who has been convicted of a violation of this section who subsequently is convicted of a felony violation of Section 10852 of the Vehicle Code shall be punished by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for two, three, or four years, or by imprisonment in a county jail not to exceed one year, or by a fine of not more than ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or by both that imprisonment and fine.

(i) Every person who has been convicted of a violation of this section who subsequently is convicted of a felony violation of Section 496d, 496e, or 496f shall be punished by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for two, three, or four years, or by imprisonment in a county jail not to exceed one year, or by a fine of not more than ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or by both that imprisonment and fine.

(j) Every person who has been convicted of a violation of this section who subsequently is convicted of a felony violation of Section 499b shall be punished by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for two, three, or four years, or by imprisonment in a county jail not to exceed one year, or by a fine of not more than ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or by both that imprisonment and fine.

(k) Every person who has been convicted of a violation of this section who subsequently is convicted of a felony violation of Section 499c shall be punished by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for two, three, or four years, or by imprisonment in a county jail not to exceed one year, or by a fine of not more than ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or by both that imprisonment and fine.

(l) Every person who has been convicted of a violation of this section who subsequently is convicted of a felony violation of Section 499d shall be punished by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for two, three, or four years, or by imprisonment in a county jail not to exceed one year, or by a fine of not more than ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or by both that imprisonment and fine.

(m) Every person who has been convicted of a violation of this section who subsequently is convicted of a felony violation of Section 499e shall be punished by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for two, three, or four years, or by imprisonment in a county jail not to exceed one year, or by a fine of not more than ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or by both that imprisonment and fine.

(n) Every person who has been convicted of a violation of this section who subsequently is convicted of a felony violation of Section 499f shall be punished by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for two, three, or four years, or by imprisonment in a county jail not to exceed one year, or by a fine of not more than ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or by both that imprisonment and fine.

(o) Every person who has been convicted of a violation of this section who subsequently is convicted of a felony violation of Section 499g shall be punished by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for two, three, or four years, or by imprisonment in a county jail not to exceed one year, or by a fine of not more than ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or by both that imprisonment and fine.

(p) Every person who has been convicted of a violation of this section who subsequently is convicted of a felony violation of Section 499h shall be punished by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for two, three, or four years, or by imprisonment in a county jail not to exceed one year, or by a fine of not more than ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or by both that imprisonment and fine.

(q) Every person who has been convicted of a violation of this section who subsequently is convicted of a felony violation of Section 499i shall be punished by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for two, three, or four years, or by imprisonment in a county jail not to exceed one year, or by a fine of not more than ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or by both that imprisonment and fine.

(r) Every person who has been convicted of a violation of this section who subsequently is convicted of a felony violation of Section 499j shall be punished by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for two, three, or four years, or by imprisonment in a county jail not to exceed one year, or by a fine of not more than ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or by both that imprisonment and fine.

(s) Every person who has been convicted of a violation of this section who subsequently is convicted of a felony violation of Section 499k shall be punished by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for two, three, or four years, or by imprisonment in a county jail not to exceed one year, or by a fine of not more than ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or by both that imprisonment and fine.

(t) Every person who has been convicted of a violation of this section who subsequently is convicted of a felony violation of Section 499l shall be punished by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for two, three, or four years, or by imprisonment in a county jail not to exceed one year, or by a fine of not more than ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or by both that imprisonment and fine.

(u) Every person who has been convicted of a violation of this section who subsequently is convicted of a felony violation of Section 499m shall be punished by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for two, three, or four years, or by imprisonment in a county jail not to exceed one year, or by a fine of not more than ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or by both that imprisonment and fine.

(v) Every person who has been convicted of a violation of this section who subsequently is convicted of a felony violation of Section 499n shall be punished by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for two, three, or four years, or by imprisonment in a county jail not to exceed one year, or by a fine of not more than ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or by both that imprisonment and fine.

(w) Every person who has been convicted of a violation of this section who subsequently is convicted of a felony violation of Section 499o shall be punished by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for two, three, or four years, or by imprisonment in a county jail not to exceed one year, or by a fine of not more than ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or by both that imprisonment and fine.

(x) Every person who has been convicted of a violation of this section who subsequently is convicted of a felony violation of Section 499p shall be punished by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for two, three, or four years, or by imprisonment in a county jail not to exceed one year, or by a fine of not more than ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or by both that imprisonment and fine.

(y) Every person who has been convicted of a violation of this section who subsequently is convicted of a felony violation of Section 499q shall be punished by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for two, three, or four years, or by imprisonment in a county jail not to exceed one year, or by a fine

(b) Para los fines de esta sección, los términos “equipo de construcción especial” y “buque” se limitan a vehículos y embarcaciones motorizados.

• Código de Vehículos de California 565 VC.
• Código de Navegación y Puerto de California 21 HN.
• Véase, por ejemplo, People v. Russell (2006) 144 Cal.App.4th 1415.
• Secciones 1191 – 1210.6 del Código Penal de California PC.