Bajo la ley de California, los cargadores de gran capacidad (LCM) son dispositivos de alimentación de municiones que pueden contener más de 10 rondas. El Código Penal § 32310 PC hace que sea un delito poseer, transferir, vender o fabricar LCM, sin importar cuándo los adquirió.
Hay excepciones a la prohibición de LCM de California. Por ejemplo, los agentes del orden público pueden poseer y transferir LCM en ciertas circunstancias. Tenga en cuenta que LCM no incluye:
- un dispositivo de alimentación que ha sido alterado para que no pueda contener más de 10 rondas, o
- un dispositivo de alimentación de tubo calibre .22, o
- un cargador tubular que está contenido en un arma de fuego de acción de palanca.1
Defendiendo los cargos de LCM
Aquí en Shouse Law Group, hemos representado literalmente a miles de personas acusadas de delitos de armas de fuego de California, incluidos aquellos que involucran cargadores de gran capacidad. En nuestra experiencia, las siguientes tres defensas han demostrado ser muy efectivas con los fiscales y jueces para reducir o desestimar los cargos de 32310 PC.
- La policía lo obligó a confesar. Si la policía usó medidas coercitivas como amenazas para obligarlo a confesar, le pediríamos al juez que excluya la confesión como evidencia. Eso podría dejar al fiscal con muy pocas pruebas para condenarlo.
- La policía lo atrapó. Vemos casos todo el tiempo en los que la policía se infiltra para comprar LCM de sospechosos. Este engaño policial cruza la línea hacia la trampa si la policía lo presionó indebidamente, y usted no habría violado la ley excepto por la presión de la policía. El fiscal debería retirar el caso si podemos demostrar que fue atrapado.
- La policía no tenía causa probable. La policía debe tener causa probable para arrestarlo, lo que significa que deben tener una creencia razonable de que cometió un delito basado en todas las circunstancias. Si podemos demostrar que la policía se adelantó (juego de palabras intencionado) y lo detuvo en base a pruebas insuficientes, el juez puede desestimar el caso.
Tenga en cuenta que no es una defensa a los cargos de 32310 PC que nunca tuvo la intención de usar el LCM.2
32310 Penas de PC
Poseer un cargador de gran capacidad en California es un wobblette, lo que significa que el Fiscal de Distrito puede optar por enjuiciarlo como:
- una infracción que conlleva hasta $100 en multas por cargador; o
- un delito menor que conlleva hasta 1 año en la cárcel y / o hasta $100 en multas por cargador.
Mientras tanto, vender, comprar, regalar, importar, transportar o fabricar un LCM es un wobbler en California. Esto significa que el Fiscal de Distrito puede optar por enjuiciarlo como:
- un delito menor que conlleva hasta 1 año en la cárcel por cargador; o
- un delito grave que conlleva 16 meses, 2 años o 3 años en la cárcel por cargador.
Al determinar qué cargo presentar en virtud del 32310 PC, los fiscales consideran los hechos del caso y su historial criminal.3
Una violación de 32310 PC puede resultar en tiempo de cárcel.
Problemas constitucionales
El 22 de septiembre de 2023, un juez de distrito federal en California determinó que la prohibición estatal de cargadores de gran capacidad era inconstitucional y violaba la Segunda Enmienda. La opinión citó un caso reciente de la Corte Suprema de EE. UU. Que establece que las restricciones a las armas deben ser “consistentes con la tradición histórica de regulación de armas de este país”.
Sin embargo, el 32310 PC sigue siendo ley – y la prohibición de LCM se mantiene – mientras que el Noveno Circuito considera el problema.
32310 PC es un estatuto relativamente nuevo. Surgió de California Senate Bill 1446, que el entonces gobernador Jerry Brown firmó en 2016.4
(3) Surrender the large-capacity magazine to a law enforcement agency for destruction.
(e) Any person who possessed a large-capacity magazine that is declared a nuisance pursuant to Section 18010 before July 1, 2017, and who, commencing July 1, 2017, possesses that large-capacity magazine, shall be punished pursuant to subdivision (c).
(f) Any person who may not lawfully possess a large-capacity magazine commencing July 1, 2017 shall, commencing July 1, 2017, do one of the following:
(1) Remove the large-capacity magazine from the state.
(2) Prior to July 1, 2017, sell the large-capacity magazine to a licensed firearms dealer.
(3) Prior to July 1, 2017, surrender the large-capacity magazine to a law enforcement agency for destruction.
(g) Any person who may not lawfully possess a large-capacity magazine commencing July 1, 2017 shall, commencing July 1, 2017, do one of the following:
(1) Remove the large-capacity magazine from the state.
(2) Prior to July 1, 2017, sell the large-capacity magazine to a licensed firearms dealer.
(3) Prior to July 1, 2017, surrender the large-capacity magazine to a law enforcement agency for destruction.
(h) Any person who may not lawfully possess a large-capacity magazine commencing July 1, 2017 shall, commencing July 1, 2017, do one of the following:
(1) Remove the large-capacity magazine from the state.
(2) Prior to July 1, 2017, sell the large-capacity magazine to a licensed firearms dealer.
(3) Prior to July 1, 2017, surrender the large-capacity magazine to a law enforcement agency for destruction.
(i) Any person who may not lawfully possess a large-capacity magazine commencing July 1, 2017 shall, commencing July 1, 2017, do one of the following:
(1) Remove the large-capacity magazine from the state.
(2) Prior to July 1, 2017, sell the large-capacity magazine to a licensed firearms dealer.
(3) Prior to July 1, 2017, surrender the large-capacity magazine to a law enforcement agency for destruction.
(j) Any person who may not lawfully possess a large-capacity magazine commencing July 1, 2017 shall, commencing July 1, 2017, do one of the following:
(1) Remove the large-capacity magazine from the state.
(2) Prior to July 1, 2017, sell the large-capacity magazine to a licensed firearms dealer.
(3) Prior to July 1, 2017, surrender the large-capacity magazine to a law enforcement agency for destruction.
(k) Any person who may not lawfully possess a large-capacity magazine commencing July 1, 2017 shall, commencing July 1, 2017, do one of the following:
(1) Remove the large-capacity magazine from the state.
(2) Prior to July 1, 2017, sell the large-capacity magazine to a licensed firearms dealer.
(3) Prior to July 1, 2017, surrender the large-capacity magazine to a law enforcement agency for destruction.
(l) Any person who may not lawfully possess a large-capacity magazine commencing July 1, 2017 shall, commencing July 1, 2017, do one of the following:
(1) Remove the large-capacity magazine from the state.
(2) Prior to July 1, 2017, sell the large-capacity magazine to a licensed firearms dealer.
(3) Prior to July 1, 2017, surrender the large-capacity magazine to a law enforcement agency for destruction.
(m) Any person who may not lawfully possess a large-capacity magazine commencing July 1, 2017 shall, commencing July 1, 2017, do one of the following:
(1) Remove the large-capacity magazine from the state.
(2) Prior to July 1, 2017, sell the large-capacity magazine to a licensed firearms dealer.
(3) Prior to July 1, 2017, surrender the large-capacity magazine to a law enforcement agency for destruction.
(n) Any person who may not lawfully possess a large-capacity magazine commencing July 1, 2017 shall, commencing July 1, 2017, do one of the following:
(1) Remove the large-capacity magazine from the state.
(2) Prior to July 1, 2017, sell the large-capacity magazine to a licensed firearms dealer.
(3) Prior to July 1, 2017, surrender the large-capacity magazine to a law enforcement agency for destruction.
(o) Any person who may not lawfully possess a large-capacity magazine commencing July 1, 2017 shall, commencing July 1, 2017, do one of the following:
(1) Remove the large-capacity magazine from the state.
(2) Prior to July 1, 2017, sell the large-capacity magazine to a licensed firearms dealer.
(3) Prior to July 1, 2017, surrender the large-capacity magazine to a law enforcement agency for destruction.
(p) Any person who may not lawfully possess a large-capacity magazine commencing July 1, 2017 shall, commencing July 1, 2017, do one of the following:
(1) Remove the large-capacity magazine from the state.
(2) Prior to July 1, 2017, sell the large-capacity magazine to a licensed firearms dealer.
(3) Prior to July 1, 2017, surrender the large-capacity magazine to a law enforcement agency for destruction.
(q) Any person who may not lawfully possess a large-capacity magazine commencing July 1, 2017 shall, commencing July 1, 2017, do one of the following:
(1) Remove the large-capacity magazine from the state.
(2) Prior to July 1, 2017, sell the large-capacity magazine to a licensed firearms dealer.
(3) Prior to July 1, 2017, surrender the large-capacity magazine to a law enforcement agency for destruction.
(r) Any person who may not lawfully possess a large-capacity magazine commencing July 1, 2017 shall, commencing July 1, 2017, do one of the following:
(1) Remove the large-capacity magazine from the state.
(2) Prior to July 1, 2017, sell the large-capacity magazine to a licensed firearms dealer.
(3) Prior to July 1, 2017, surrender the large-capacity magazine to a law enforcement agency for destruction.
(s) Any person who may not lawfully possess a large-capacity magazine commencing July 1, 2017 shall, commencing July 1, 2017, do one of the following:
(1) Remove the large-capacity magazine from the state.
(2) Prior to July 1, 2017, sell the large-capacity magazine to a licensed firearms dealer.
(3) Prior to July 1, 2017, surrender the large-capacity magazine to a law enforcement agency for destruction.
(t) Any person who may not lawfully possess a large-capacity magazine commencing July 1, 2017 shall, commencing July 1, 2017, do one of the following:
(1) Remove the large-capacity magazine from the state.
(2) Prior to July 1, 2017, sell the large-capacity magazine to a licensed firearms dealer.
(3) Prior to July 1, 2017, surrender the large-capacity magazine to a law enforcement agency for destruction.
(u) Any person who may not lawfully possess a large-capacity magazine commencing July 1, 2017 shall, commencing July 1, 2017, do one of the following:
(1) Remove the large-capacity magazine from the state.
(2) Prior to July 1, 2017, sell the large-capacity magazine to a licensed firearms dealer.
(3) Prior to July 1, 2017, surrender the large-capacity magazine to a law enforcement agency for destruction.
(v) Any person who may not lawfully possess a large-capacity magazine commencing July 1, 2017 shall, commencing July 1, 2017, do one of the following:
(1) Remove the large-capacity magazine from the state.
(2) Prior to July 1, 2017, sell the large-capacity magazine to a licensed firearms dealer.
(3) Prior to July 1, 2017, surrender the large-capacity magazine to a law enforcement agency for destruction.
(w) Any person who may not lawfully possess a large-capacity magazine commencing July 1, 2017 shall, commencing July 1, 2017, do one of the following:
(1) Remove the large-capacity magazine from the state.
(2) Prior to July 1, 2017, sell the large-capacity magazine to a licensed firearms dealer.
(3) Prior to July 1, 2017, surrender the large-capacity magazine to a law enforcement agency for destruction.
(x) Any person who may not lawfully possess a large-capacity magazine commencing July 1, 2017 shall, commencing July 1, 2017, do one of the following:
(1) Remove the large-capacity magazine from the state.
(2) Prior to July 1, 2017, sell the large-capacity magazine to a licensed firearms dealer.
(3) Prior to July 1, 2017, surrender the large-capacity magazine to a law enforcement agency for destruction.
(y) Any person who may not lawfully possess a large-capacity magazine commencing July 1,
(3) Entregue el cargador de gran capacidad a una agencia de aplicación de la ley para su destrucción.
Según se usa en esta parte, “cargador de gran capacidad” significa cualquier dispositivo de alimentación de municiones con la capacidad de aceptar más de 10 rondas, pero no se interpretará para incluir ninguno de los siguientes:
(a) Un dispositivo de alimentación que ha sido alterado permanentemente para que no pueda acomodar más de 10 rondas.
(b) Un dispositivo de alimentación de tubo calibre .22.
(c) Un cargador tubular que está contenido en un arma de fuego de acción de palanca.