Vehicle Code § 20002a VC – Misdemeanor Hit & Run in California

Vehicle Code § 20002a VC defines misdemeanor hit and run. This section makes it a crime to flee the scene of an accident, without stopping and providing your information, when the accident only caused property damage rather than injuries to another party.

20002 VC states that “the driver of any vehicle involved in an accident resulting only in damage to any property, including vehicles, shall immediately stop the vehicle at the nearest location that will not impede traffic or otherwise jeopardize the safety of other motorists.”

Misdemeanor hit and run is punishable by up to 6 months in jail, fines of up to $1000.00, restitution to the victims for any property damage, and 2 points on your California driving record.

The distinction between misdemeanor and felony hit and run turns on whether or not someone was injured. If the accident only causes property damage, then the state can only file misdemeanor charges. If the victim of the hit and run suffers bodily injury or death, then felony hit and run under California Vehicle Code 20001 VC may be charged.

If you are involved in an accident that causes property damage or injuries, California law requires you to stop at the nearest safe location and:

1. locate the owner(s) of the other vehicle(s)
2. present your driver’s license and vehicle registration, if requested
3. present the current residence address of you and the registered owner (if different)
4. if the owner of the other vehicle is not present, leave a note in a conspicuous place with your address information and explaining the circumstances of the accident

VC 16025 requires you to exchange insurance information as well or face infraction penalties of $250.

Examples of hit and run:

• Colliding with another vehicle and then driving away
• Hitting and damaging a light pole and fleeing the scene
• Striking a parked car and not leaving a note for the owner

Defenses:

There are several legal defenses that you can raise if accused of a crime under Vehicle Code 20002. These include showing that:

• there was no property damage,
• you did not realize there was a collision, and/or
• you were misidentified

Penalties:

A violation of VC 20002 is charged as a misdemeanor in California (as opposed to a felony or an infraction).

The crime is punishable by:

• imprisonment in county jail for up to six months, and/or
• a maximum fine of $1,000.

In lieu of jail time, a judge may award you with misdemeanor (or summary probation).

Our California criminal defense attorneys will explain the following in this article:

• 1. When is hit and run a misdemeanor in California?
• 2. Are there legal defenses to VC 20002?
  • 2.1. There was no property damage
  • 2.2. You did not realize there was a collision
  • 2.3. You were misidentified
• 3. What are the penalties?
• 4. What if the damage occurred only to my car?
• 5. What are related crimes?
  • 5.1. Felony hit and run – VC 20001
  • 5.2. Driving under the influence – VC 23152a
  • 5.3. Driving without a license – VC 12500a

1. When is hit and run a misdemeanor in California?

Vehicle Code 20002 VC is the California statute that makes it a crime to fail to stop your vehicle, after being involved in an accident, when the accident resulted in some type of property damage.¹

A prosecutor must prove four things in order to successfully convict you of misdemeanor hit and run. These are:

1. while driving, you were involved in a vehicle accident,
2. the accident caused damage to someone else’s property,
3. you knew, or reasonably should have known, that you had been involved in an accident that caused property damage, and
4. you willfully failed to stop at the scene of the accident or failed to provide the owner of the damaged property with your identifying information (such required information includes your name and current address and insurance).²

You commit an act “willfully” when you do it willingly or on purpose. It is not required that you intend to break the law, hurt someone else, or gain any advantage.³

In providing identifying information, you must have provided enough information so that the owner of the damaged property understood you were driving the vehicle.⁴

Note that your duty to stop at the accident scene applies no matter who caused the accident.⁵

Also note that this duty applies even if an accident occurred on private property (such as in the case of you driving through a homeowner’s fence). If the owner of the vehicle or damaged property is not there, you should leave a written note.⁶

Property damage under this statute does include any damage to a dog or other pet.⁷

Finally, California courts recently stated that civil compromises can no longer be used in misdemeanor California hit and run cases.⁸

2. Are there legal defenses to VC 20002?

Three common defenses to hit and run accusations are:

1. There was no property damage,
2. You did not realize there was a collision, and/or
3. You were misidentified

Should the case go to trial, the D.A. must prove guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.

2.1. There was no property damage

You are guilty under VC 20002 for failing to stop after an auto accident only if it caused some type of property damage. This means it is a defense to show that, while you may have sped off after an accident, no property damage was involved. It is also a defense to show that, while your own car may have been damaged, no other property was affected.

Example: Ed is parking when he dings the car behind him. Ed sees a scratch on his fender. But the other car shows no signs of damage. Ed also takes a photo of the car to show there is no damage. Ed then drives away without leaving a note.

A pedestrian who saw the collision writes down Ed’s license plate number. Then the pedestrian calls law enforcement to report a hit and run. But when Ed explains that only his car was damaged, any charges should be dropped.

Prosecutors do not care if an at-fault driver’s property was damaged. All that matters is any other property damage the collision caused. So that Ed’s car in the above example got dinged does not hurt his case.

2.2. You did not realize there was a collision

It is not uncommon for minor car accidents to occur without one or both drivers realizing it. If you had the radio on high, you may genuinely be oblivious to minor scrapes.

Example: Lara is driving on a windy day. Debris is constantly hitting her windshield and hood. During a sneeze she swerves, making contact with the car to her right and causing a slight dent. Lara feels something but assumes it is just more debris. Lara keeps driving. The other driver gets her license plate number. And Lara gets arrested for violating VC 20002.

Lara’s attorney explains to prosecutors that she would never intentionally flee the scene of an accident. And the attorney produces a weather report from that day showing particularly high winds. If the prosecutor realizes Lara had no criminal intent due to her lack of knowledge, the charges could be dropped. Then Lara would only be civilly liable to pay for the other driver’s repairs.

This “ignorance” defense is more effective when you are driving an older or lower-cost car. More modern, high-end cars have sensors that beep loudly when other cars get too close.

2.3. You were misidentified

The nature of hit-and-run accidents is that the culprit drives away too fast for anyone at the scene to get a good look at them. This can lead to innocent people being misidentified as the suspect.

Example: Jeffrey and his friend Cal both have black, curly hair. One day Jeffrey borrows Cal’s sedan. Jeffrey accidentally grazes a pedestrian with the side mirror, panics, and drives away. The pedestrian – who is not injured – manages to take a photo of the sedan, which shows the back of Jeffrey’s head and the license plate numbers. Police trace it to Cal and arrest him for hit and run. The pedestrian picks Cal out of a line up because of the black, curly hair. Fortunately, Cal’s attorney finds traffic camera footage near the time of the crash, showing that the person in the sedan was Jeffrey and not Cal.

Police investigation of a hit and run may determine that it was your car, but not necessarily that you were the one driving.

Prosecutors often may have insufficient evidence to positively identify who the at-fault driver was. In addition to relying on surveillance video, defense attorneys try to find eyewitnesses and any recorded communications showing that you had an alibi at the time of the crash.

3. What are the penalties?

Hit and run causing no injury is punishable in California by:

• imprisonment in county jail for up to six months, and/or
• a maximum fine of $1,000.^{9 10}

Please note that in lieu of jail time, a judge may award you with misdemeanor (or summary probation).

4. What if the damage occurred only to my car?

It is not a California crime to leave the scene of an accident that caused no injuries or damage to the other car. Though to be safe, you should take photos of the other car to show no damage occurred.

If you are unsure whether property damage occurred, then stop and exchange information with the other driver. Or if the other car was parked and unattended, leave a conspicuous note. Examples of car accident damage that may not be visible include:

• Misaligned tires;
• Leaks;
• Reduced battery life;
• Delays to the computer’s diagnostic system; or
• Broken light bulbs

Anyone you hit might seem fine but could have sustained soft-tissue damage – this may take time to manifest.

Either way, most insurance companies require their policyholders to notify them of all accidents even if they are minor. Otherwise, the insurer may deny any claim that may later arise out of the accident.

5. What are related crimes?

5.1. Felony hit and run – VC 20001

Vehicle Code 20001 VC is the California law that defines the crime of felony hit and run.

This section makes it a felony to flee the scene of an accident when another person was killed or had a serious injury. You are supposed to stop and give reasonable assistance to injured persons.¹¹

A violation of VC 20001 is a wobbler offense. This means that it can be charged as either a misdemeanor or a felony.¹²

If charged as a misdemeanor, the crime is punishable by imprisonment in the county jail for up to one year.¹³

If charged as a felony, the offense is punishable by up to three years in state prison.¹⁴

5.2. Driving under the influence – VC 23152a

Vehicle Code 23152(a) VC is the California DUI law that makes it a crime to operate a motor vehicle while “under the influence” of alcohol.¹⁵

“Under the influence” means your physical or mental abilities are impaired to the extent that you can no longer drive as well as a cautious sober person.¹⁶

In California, you can be prosecuted under this statute even if your blood alcohol concentration was below 0.08%.

A first, second or third offense under VC 23152a is charged as a misdemeanor in California. Penalties for a DUI conviction may include:

• misdemeanor probation,
• fines,
• DUI school, and
• a suspended license (though it may be possible to continue driving if you install an ignition interlock device (IID) in your car).

Also see our articles on DUI causing injury (VC 23153) and exhibition of speed (VC 23109(c)).

5.3. Driving without a license – VC 12500a

Vehicle Code 12500 VC makes it unlawful to drive in California without a valid driver’s license.¹⁷

Note that your driver’s license does not have to be from California. It can be from any jurisdiction as long as:

• it was issued by the state or country in which you reside, and
• it is currently valid for the type of vehicle you are driving.

Driving without a valid license is a California “wobblette” offense. This means it can be charged as either a California misdemeanor or a non-criminal infraction.¹⁸

As an infraction, driving without a license carries a potential fine of up to $250.¹⁹

But if charged as a misdemeanor, VC 12500a can be punished by:

• up to six months in county jail, and/or
• a fine of up to $1,000.²⁰

See our related article on Driving on a Suspended License (VC 14601.1(a)).

Call us for help…

If you or someone you know has been accused of a hit and run offense under Vehicle Code 20002 VC, we invite you to contact us for a consultation. Our criminal defense lawyers can be reached 24/7.

You may also wish to review our article on How long after a hit and run can I be charged?

For accusations in Colorado, please see our article on: “Colorado Hit and Run charges / Leaving the Scene of an Accident (42-4-1601 & 42-4-1602 C.R.S.).”

And, for accusations in Nevada, please see our article on: “Hit and Run Laws in Nevada (NRS 484E.010)”

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