Vehicle Code § 10851(a) VC – Driving or Taking a Vehicle Without Consent

California Vehicle Code § 10851 VC makes it a crime to take or drive someone else’s vehicle without the person’s consent. Commonly referred to as joyriding, this offense can be charged as either a misdemeanor or a felony.

Misdemeanor joyriding penalties	Up to 1 year in county jail and/or Up to $5,000 in fines.
Felony joyriding penalties	16 months, 2 years, or 3 years in county jail; or 2, 3, or 4 years in county jail and/or $10,000 if: You have a prior California felony conviction of joyriding or grand theft, or You took a police car, fire department vehicle, ambulance, or a vehicle modified for disabled passengers

Note that police officers commonly write citations as

• 10851 VC or as
• 10851 CVC.

These are short for the California Vehicle Code.

Examples

• Hotwiring a neighbor’s car in order to make it to the airport on time to catch a flight
• While house-sitting for a friend, “borrowing” the friend’s car (with no consent)
• Without permission to do so, taking a parent’s car out to go on a date

Defenses

Here at Shouse Law Group, we have represented literally thousands of people facing auto-related charges, including joyriding. In our experience, the following three legal defenses have proven very persuasive with prosecutors, juries, and judges.

1. You had a claim of right over the vehicle;
2. You drove or took a vehicle with the owner’s consent; or
3. You acted under duress.

Note that a separate statute, Penal Code 499b, makes it illegal to “joyride” a bike or vessel.

Our California criminal defense attorneys will explain the following in this article:

• 1. What does it mean to drive or take a vehicle without consent?
• 2. How can I defend against 10851 VC charges?
  • 2.1. You had a claim of right to the vehicle
  • 2.2. The owner consented to you driving the vehicle
  • 2.3. You acted under duress
• 3. What are the consequences of a conviction?
• 4. What other crimes tend to get charged together with joyriding?
  • 4.1. Grand Theft Auto – PC 487(d)(1)
  • 4.2. Grand Theft – PC 487
  • 4.3. Auto Burglary – PC 459
  • 4.4 Malicious Mischief to a Vehicle – VC 10853

1. What does it mean to drive or take a vehicle without consent?

A prosecutor must prove three elements to show you are guilty under Vehicle Code 10851.

These include proving that:

1. You drove or took someone else’s vehicle;
2. The owner of the vehicle did not consent to the driving or taking; and,
3. You acted with the intent to deny the vehicle’s owner of possession of the vehicle for any period of time.¹

Please note that with regards to the third element, you are still guilty of this section no matter if you intend to deny possession:

• Temporarily; or
• Permanently.²

This means you violate the law even if you did not intend to steal the car permanently. “Borrowing” a motor vehicle is sufficient for an accusation of joyriding.

Under PC 10851, the determination as to whether you had “the intent to deny” is based upon the specific facts of a case. But, note that the mere possession of a car, under suspicious circumstances, is usually enough to prove intent.³

2. How can I defend against 10851 VC charges?

In our experience, the best arguments for raising a reasonable doubt with regard to joyriding charges is to show that:

2.1. You had a claim of right to the vehicle

In this particular context, a claim of right simply means that you rightfully owned the car that you drove or took. It is not a violation of this section if you have a claim of right to (that is, you owned) the vehicle involved.

We typically raise this defense when it is unclear as to whose name a car’s title is under. As long as there is a reasonable doubt as to ownership, the joyriding charges should not stand.

2.2. The owner consented to you driving the vehicle

Recall that an element of the crime of joyriding is that a car’s owner must not have consented to you driving or taking the car. A solid defense, therefore, is for you to show that you had the vehicle owner’s consent to drive it.

Please note, though, that consent must be given for the specific facts of a given case. This section expressly states that consent cannot: Be presumed or implied because of the owner’s consent on a previous occasion.⁴

Therefore, we gather all the available evidence indicating the owner consented. Typically such evidence includes text messages, voicemails, emails, eyewitness testimony, or surveillance footage.

2.3. You acted under duress

To best understand this defense, think of a case where a bank robber holds a pedestrian at gunpoint and tells him to get into a running car and drive them away.

Duress is a legal defense in which an accused basically says: “He made me do it.” The defense applies to the very limited situation in which you commit a crime (here, unlawfully taking a car), because somebody threatened to kill you if the crime was not committed.

3. What are the consequences of a conviction?

Under Vehicle Code 10851 VC, the crime of unlawfully taking or driving of a vehicle is a wobbler offense. This means it can be punished as either a California misdemeanor or a felony.

Misdemeanor Penalties

If charged as a misdemeanor, the crime is punishable by:

• Imprisonment in a county jail for up to one year; and/or,
• A fine of up to $5,000.⁵

Felony Penalties

If prosecuted as a felony charge, the crime is punishable by a state prison term of:

• 16 months;
• Two years; or,
• Three years.⁶

Aggravated Cases

These penalties increase if you:

• drive or take an ambulance, law enforcement vehicle, or fire department vehicle on an emergency call⁷; or,
• Have one or more prior felony convictions of either joyriding or felony grand theft⁸.

In these circumstances, you may receive a fine of up to $10,000, and/or, imprisonment in a county jail for:

• Two years;
• Three years; or,
• Four years.⁹

When clients contact us following a joyriding arrest, we can often engage in a pre-file intervention in attempt to persuade prosecutors to bring misdemeanor instead of felony charges. In some cases, we even convince the state not to bring charges at all due to lack of incriminating evidence.

4. What other crimes tend to get charged together with joyriding?

There are four related offenses to joyriding, under VC 10851. These are:

1. Grand theft auto – PC 487(d)(1)
2. Grand theft – PC 487
3. Auto burglary – PC 459
4. Malicious mischief to a vehicle – VC 10853

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