“Meal and Rest Break” Laws for California Employees

In California, all non-exempt employees must be given an unpaid, 30-minute lunch or meal break if they work more than 5 hours in a day. The meal break must begin before the end of the fifth hour of the workday.

Employees who work more than ten (10) hours during a day are entitled to a second 30-minute meal break.

California law also requires rest breaks for non-exempt employees who work three-and-a-half (3 1/2) or more hours in a day. Workers are entitled to ten (10) minutes of rest period for each four (4) hours, or a substantial fraction thereof, that they work in a day. To the extent possible, these breaks are to be taken in the middle of each 4-hour period. ^{1 2 3}

Below, our California employment and labor law attorneys discuss the following frequently asked questions about meal and rest break requirements for employees:

• 1. What are the meal and rest break requirements in California?
• 2. Which California employees are entitled to meal and rest periods?
• 3. Can my employer require me to work during my meal or rest break?
• 4. Can I sue my employer for not allowing me to take my meal or rest breaks?

1. What are the meal and rest break requirements in California?

The Labor Code sets forth the following requirements for California mandatory breaks:

Meal breaks

Employees who work more than five (5) hours in a day are entitled to an unpaid thirty (30) minute meal break. However, an employee may agree to waive that meal break if s/he will not work more than six (6) hours in the day.

In addition, employees who are working more than ten (10) hours in a day must also be given a second unpaid thirty (30) minute meal break.

But the employee may waive this second meal break if:

1. His/her workday will be no longer than twelve (12) hours; and
2. S/he did not waive the first meal break.⁴

Example: Rick is working an 11-hour shift at a fulfillment center.

Rick is entitled to two 30-minute meal breaks over the course of his shift.

However, if Rick takes his lunch break, he and his employer may agree that he will waive the dinner break.

Note employers may not require workers to remain on premises during meal breaks. And if workers are required to remain on premises during meal breaks, they are entitled to premium pay to compensate them.⁵

Rest breaks

Rest breaks/rest periods are also required under California labor regulations.

The length of required rest periods must be at least ten (10) minutes for each four (4) hours, or substantial fraction thereof, that the employee will work in the day.

These rest breaks must be counted as time worked and must be paid time. The break time must also be in the middle of the employee’s work period, to the extent that this is practicable.⁶

But rest periods are not required for employees who work less than three and a half (3 1/2) hours in a day.⁷

Example: Fern works an 8-hour shift at a nail salon.

Her employer is required to give her a 30-minute meal break under California meal break law.

In addition, her employer is required to give her at least 20 minutes’ worth of paid rest breaks during her shift.

2. Which California employees are entitled to meal and rest periods?

Like California overtime laws, California meal and rest period requirements apply to non-exempt employees, and not to exempt employees.⁸

The most important group of exempt employees in California is white-collar exempt employees, who must meet all of the following requirements:

1. Spend more than half of their work time doing intellectual, managerial or creative work;
2. Regularly exercise discretion and independent judgment in performing those duties; and
3. Earn a monthly salary equivalent to at least twice the California minimum wage for full-time employment.⁹

In addition, California laws on meal and rest breaks do not apply to workers who meet the legal definition of independent contractors.

Finally, the meal period requirements of the California Labor Code do not apply to unionized employees in certain industries whose collective bargaining agreements provide for meal breaks on a different schedule.

For example, collective bargaining agreement provisions on meal breaks override the California laws for unionized employees who work

• in construction occupations,
• as commercial drivers,
• as security officers,
• for electrical or gas companies, and
• in the motion picture industry.¹⁰

3. Can my employer require me to work during my meal or rest break?

Generally speaking, employers may NOT require employees to continue working or remain “on-call” during meal or rest breaks.¹¹

Therefore, if your employer asks that you work while eating during a meal period, or remain on call during a rest period, this is legally equivalent to denying you your meal or rest break.

However, employers are not required to ensure that you do not work during your meal or rest break. In other words, if you voluntarily choose to work during a break, your employer is not held responsible.¹²

In addition, so-called “on-duty meal periods“, where employees must work through their meal breaks, are permitted only if:

1. The nature of the work prevents the employee from being relieved of all duty (for example, if s/he is a security guard and is the only person on duty); and
2. The employee agrees in a written waiver to have on-duty meal breaks. The employee is allowed to revoke this written agreement in writing at any time.¹³

4. Can I sue my employer for not allowing me to take my meal or rest breaks?

California employees may sue employers for denying them meal or rest breaks required under the Labor Code or labor regulations. Successful wage and hour class action lawsuits often involve failure to provide

1. meal breaks or
2. rest periods.

If a California employer fails to allow employees to take their meal or rest breaks, the employer will owe the employees one additional hour of pay – at the regular rate of pay – for each break that was denied to them.¹⁴

So, for example, let’s say your employer did not allow you to take meal breaks you were entitled to during a year of employment (roughly 250 workdays). S/he would then owe you damages equivalent to 250 hours worth of pay at your regular rate.

Note that California allows the following people acting on behalf of an employer to be held individually liable for violating wage and hour laws:

• owners
• directors
• officers
• managing agents¹⁵

Also note that workers are entitled to any interest on their unpaid wages that accrues while the lawsuit is pending, called a “prejudgment interest.”

• If there was a contract, the interest rate is 10% a year.
• Otherwise, it is 7% (absent a statute specifying a higher rate).¹⁶

For questions about California employee meal and rest break requirements or to discuss your case confidentially with one of our skilled California labor and employment attorneys, do not hesitate to contact us at Shouse Law Group about bringing a wage claim.

We have local employment law offices in and around Los Angeles, San Diego, Orange County, Riverside, San Bernardino, Ventura, San Jose, Oakland, the San Francisco Bay area, and several nearby cities.

Work in Nevada? Refer to our articles on Nevada rest break laws and How many hours do I have to work to get a lunch?

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