California Sick Leave Laws

COVID-19 UPDATE: Companies with fewer than 500 workers are no longer required to offer coronavirus-related paid sick leave and expanded family and medical leave. But those who do will receive a tax credit through March 31, 2021.

Refer to the table below for the voluntary leave policies under the new Families First Coronavirus Response Act (FFCRA):

Under California’s paid sick leave law, eligible employees can accrue paid time off to use when they are unable to work because of illness or to care for a family member. The time can also be used for reasons other than illness, including:

• Seeking a diagnosis,
• Preventative care, or
• Treatment and safety planning related to domestic violence, sexual assault, or stalking.

Employers cannot deny an employee’s right to use sick time or retaliate against an employee for using it. An employee may be able to file a lawsuit against the employer for California labor law violations.    

Below, our California employment and labor lawyers discuss the following frequently asked questions:

• 1. Who is eligible for paid sick leave in California?
• 2. How much sick leave can I take?
  • 2.1. How much paid sick leave do I get per year?
  • 2.2. Can my employer provide different rules?
  • 2.3. What happens when my sick leave runs out?
• 3. Can I take time off to care for my sick child?
  • 3.1. What else can I use the time off for?
• 4. Can my employer say I have to work when I am unwell?
• 5. Can I sue my employer?
  • 5.1. What are the damages if my employer fired me?

If you have further questions after reading this article, we invite you to contact us at Shouse Law Group. Also see our overview article on workplace leave laws in California.

1. Who is eligible for paid sick leave in California?

Under California state law, most exempt and non-exempt employees with 30 or more days of employment within a year of starting work are eligible for paid sick leave (PSL). Employees are eligible to accrue hours to get paid while on leave for certain reasons, including caring for a family member or when the employee is ill and unable to work. ¹

PSL is available for full-time workers, part-time workers, and temporary employees. There are some restrictions for certain employees who do not fall under the California laws for regular employees, including:

• Workers with a collective bargaining agreement,
• In-home supportive service providers, and
• Some employees of air carriers.²

2. How much sick leave can I take?

It depends on the employee, the employer, and the plan. There is a minimum standard required by California law; however, some employers provide additional time off or more generous conditions. Talk to your human resources department with any questions about your company’s policies.

In addition to California paid sick leave laws, some cities and counties in California have additional laws that provide greater benefits. This includes cities like Los Angeles, San Francisco, and San Diego.³

2.1. How much paid sick leave do I get per year?

It depends on the individual’s PSL plan. At a minimum, California law requires 24 hours (or 3 days) of paid sick leave time per 12 month period for full-time employees. Employees earn a minimum of 1 hour of sick leave for every 30 hours worked.⁴

An employee is entitled to begin using accrued paid sick time beginning on the 90th day of employment.⁵

PSL can also carry over to the next year if an employee does not use their time. However, employers can put a cap on the total amount of accrued sick leave at 48 hours or 6 days.⁶

2.2. Can my employer provide different rules?

An employer can provide for different rules but only where the employer’s policy exceeds the minimum protections provided by California’s laws. For example, an employer could allow an employee to accrue 2 hours of paid time off for every 40 hours worked. However, the employer could not have employees accrue less than 1 hour of time off for every 30 hours worked.

Certain plans were “grandfathered” in if the employer had a paid time off (pto) plan that employees could use for PSL if that plan provided for at least as many paid sick days as required by the new law.⁷

2.3. What happens when my sick leave runs out?

When an employee’s use of PSL runs out and an employee still needs to recover from an illness or care for a family member, the employee will not necessarily be paid. However, the employee may still be protected from losing his or her job under California and federal leave laws.

California laws require payment for accrued time off. However, the employer is not required to keep paying the employee after the employee has used up his or her time off. The employee’s job may still be protected even if he or she is not getting paid.

Leave laws provide job protection for an eligible employee who takes time off to care for a family member, because of an illness, or other covered leave reasons. This means that an employee can return to the same or a substantially similar job when returning from leave. An employer cannot fire, threaten, or retaliate against an employee under protected leave laws.⁸⁹¹⁰

3. Can I take time off to care for my sick child?

Even though it is generally referred to as “sick leave,” there are other reasons an employee is allowed to use PSL, even if the employee is not unwell. An employee can take PSL to care for a family member. This includes:

• Child, step-child, foster child, or adopted child;
• Spouse or registered domestic partner;
• Parent;
• Sibling;
• Grandchild; or
• Grandparent.¹¹

PSL can be used to care for a family member in seeking diagnosis, care, or treatment of an existing health condition, or for preventive care.

3.1. What else can I use the time off for?

In California, there are other permissible uses for taking PSL. In addition to caring for a family member, or the employee’s own medical condition, an employee who is a victim of domestic violence, sexual assault, or stalking can use PSL. This includes:

• Relief for the employee or his or her child, including a restraining order;
• Medical attention for related injuries;
• Services from a domestic violence shelter or rape crisis center;
• Psychological counseling; or
• Safety planning against future domestic violence, stalking, or sexual assault.¹²

4. Can my employer say I have to work when I am unwell?

Under the California Labor Code:

An employer shall not deny an employee the right to use accrued sick days, discharge, threaten to discharge, demote, suspend, or in any manner discriminate against an employee for using accrued sick days, attempting to exercise the right to use accrued sick days, filing a complaint with the department or alleging a violation of this article, cooperating in an investigation or prosecution of an alleged violation of this article, or opposing any policy or practice or act that is prohibited by this article.¹³

An employer also cannot require the employee find a replacement as a condition to take PSL.¹⁴

5. Can I sue my employer?

An employee may be able to file a civil lawsuit for any violations of California labor laws. This includes failing to provide PSL, provided less than the minimum leave required, or not paying an employee who is using accrued time.

Employers are also prohibited from retaliation against an employee for taking valid leave, cooperating in a labor violation investigation, or complaining about labor violations. Retaliation includes:

• Demotion,
• Threatening to fire the employee,
• Threatening to report immigration violations,
• Reducing pay, or
• Terminating an employee.

If an employer retaliated against you based on PSL or protected leave, talk to a California labor and employment lawyer about your case and how to get the money you are owed.

Many California employment lawyers represent workers on a contingency basis. This means the lawyer will not get paid until you do. Labor law violations may also require the employer to pay for the employee’s legal costs and fees.

5.1. What are the damages if my employer fired me?

An employee can seek money damages and equitable relief, including reinstatement. Damages in a labor law case may include:

• Back pay;
• Payment for withheld sick days;
• Administrative penalties;
• 3x liquidated damages for wrongfully withheld sick days (up to a maximum of $4,000);
• Interest on back pay; and
• Reasonable attorney’s fees and costs.¹⁵

An employer who is violating leave laws may be violating the rights of other employees. In some cases, employees can be part of a class action lawsuit against the employer filed on behalf of multiple employees.

Call our law firm for a free case evaluation.

For questions or to discuss your case confidentially with one of our skilled California labor and employment attorneys, do not hesitate to contact us at Shouse Law Group.

We have local employment law offices in and around Los Angeles, San Diego, Orange County, Riverside, San Bernardino, Ventura, San Jose, Oakland, the San Francisco Bay area, and several nearby cities.

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