Colorado Revised Statute § 18-7-102 C.R.S. prohibits promotion of obscenity to a minor, which is knowingly:
- Promoting – or possessing with intent to promote – any obscene material to a child under 18 years old; or
- Producing, presenting, directing, or participating in an obscene performance involving a child under 18 years old.
Promotion of obscenity to a minor child in Colorado is a class 6 felony. This carries:
- 1 year to 18 months in prison and/or $1,000 to $100,000 in fines and
- sex offender registration.
Meanwhile, the promotion of obscenity to an adult rather than a child is prosecuted as a misdemeanor offense and requires no sex offense registration.
In this article, our Denver criminal defense lawyers will address the following key issues regarding the promotion of obscenity to a minor in Colorado law.
- 1. “Obscenity” Meaning
- 2. Elements of C.R.S. 18-7-102
- 3. Sex Offender Registration
- 4. Defenses
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Additional Reading
1. “Obscenity” Meaning
“Obscenity” has three prongs in Colorado:
- Appealing to sexual interests; and
- Depicting or describing offensive representations of sex acts or genitals; and
- Lacking serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value.
Obscenity can take any material or performative form, such as:
- Magazines, books, letters, or manuscripts,
- Video, movies, photography, audio, songs, or speeches,
- Live or recorded theater, or
- Words or gestures.1
C.R.S. 18-7-102 prohibits the promotion of obscenity in Colorado.
2. Elements of C.R.S 18-7-102
For you to be convicted of promotion of obscenity to a minor in Colorado, prosecutors have to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that you knowingly:
- Promoted – or possessed with intent to promote – any obscene material to a minor younger than 18; or
- Produced, presented, directed, or participated in an obscene performance involving a child younger than 18.
A class 6 felony, promotion of obscenity to a minor carries 1 year to 18 months in the Colorado Department of Corrections (Prison) and/or $1,000 to $100,000 in fines. In addition, there is a year of mandatory parole. Plus you must register as a sex offender.2
Related Obscenity Crimes
There are three other obscenity offenses prohibited by C.R.S. 18-7-102:
1) Promotion of Obscenity
Under Colorado law, the promotion of obscenity is knowingly:
- Promoting – or possessing with intent to promote – any obscene material; or
- Producing, presenting, directing, or participating in an obscene performance.
Note that Colorado law presumes you have the intent to promote obscenity if you are found in possession of six or more identical obscene materials.
A class 2 misdemeanor, promotion of obscenity carries up to 120 days in jail, and/or up to $750 in fines.3
2) Wholesale Promotion of Obscenity
Under Colorado law, wholesale promotion of obscenity is knowingly making, selling, possessing, or distributing obscene materials for the purpose of resale.
A class 1 misdemeanor, wholesale promotion of obscenity carries up to 364 days in jail, and/or up to $1,000 in fines.4
3) Wholesale Promotion of Obscenity to a Minor
Under Colorado law, wholesale promotion of obscenity to a minor is knowingly making, selling, possessing, or distributing obscene materials for the purpose of resale to a minor.
A class 6 felony, wholesale promotion of obscenity to a minor carries one year to 18 months in prison and/or $1,000 to $100,000 in fines. In addition, there is a year of mandatory parole. Plus you must register as a sex offender.5
3. Sex Offender Registration
You must register on the Colorado sex offender registry if you are convicted of promotion of obscenity to a minor (or of wholesale promotion of obscenity to a minor). You may be able to get off the registry after 10 years.7
Wholesale promotion of obscenity to a minor is a felony in Colorado.
4. Defenses
Here at Colorado Legal Defense Group, we have represented literally thousands of people accused of obscenity-related crimes, including promotion of obscenity to a minor. In our experience, the following three defenses have proven very effective with judges, juries, and prosecutors at getting C.R.S. 18-7-102 charges reduced or dismissed.
- You had no knowledge. A necessary element of the crime of promoting obscenity is that you were aware of the obscene content or character. So a potential defense is that you genuinely did not realize that you were distributing or selling obscene materials. For example, a delivery person hired to transport a box of obscene materials commits no crime if the delivery person is unaware of what is in the box.8
- The material was not obscene. Reasonable minds can disagree about whether something qualifies as obscene language or representations. Unless prosecutors can prove that the materials or performances in question are obscene, the criminal charges should be dropped.
- The police engaged in misconduct. If law enforcement officers found the obscene materials through an unlawful search, we can ask the Colorado court to suppress them as evidence. If the court agrees, the District Attorney may be left with a case that is too weak to continue prosecuting.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between promoting obscenity to an adult versus a minor?
Promoting obscenity to an adult is a misdemeanor with up to 120 days in jail and up to $750 in fines. However, promoting obscenity to a minor (under 18) is a class 6 felony carrying one to 18 months in prison, $1,000 to $100,000 in fines, and mandatory sex offender registration.
How does Colorado define what counts as “obscene” material?
Colorado law defines obscene material using three criteria: it must appeal to sexual interests, depict offensive sexual acts or genitals, and lack serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value. This can include magazines, videos, live performances, or even words and gestures.
Will I have to register as a sex offender if convicted of this crime?
Yes, if you are convicted of promotion of obscenity to a minor, you must register on the Colorado sex offender registry. You may be able to get off the registry after 10 years, but registration is mandatory upon conviction.
What defenses can help fight these charges?
Common defenses include proving you had no knowledge the material was obscene, arguing the material does not actually meet the legal definition of obscene, or showing police found evidence through illegal searches. Each case is different, so the best defense depends on your specific situation.
Additional Reading
For more in-depth information, refer to these scholarly articles:
- Obscenity and Community Standards – Yale Journal of International Law.
- The Law of Obscenity – or Abusurdity – St. Thomas Law Review.
- Morals and the Constitution: The Sin of Obscenity – Columbia Law Review.
- The Metaphysics of the Law of Obscenity – The Supreme Court Review.
- Post-Modern Art and the Death of Obscenity Law – Yale Law Journal.
Legal References
- C.R.S. 18-7-101 – Definition
As used in this part 1, unless the context otherwise requires:
(1) “Material” means anything tangible that is capable of being used or adapted to arouse interest, whether through the medium of reading, observation, sound, or in any other manner, but does not include an actual three-dimensional obscene device.
(1.5) “Minor” means a person under eighteen years of age.
(2) “Obscene” means material or a performance that:
(a) The average person, applying contemporary community standards, would find that taken as a whole appeals to the prurient interest in sex;
(b) Depicts or describes:
(I) Patently offensive representations or descriptions of ultimate sex acts, normal or perverted, actual or simulated, including sexual intercourse, sodomy, and sexual bestiality; or
(II) Patently offensive representations or descriptions of masturbation, excretory functions, sadism, masochism, lewd exhibition of the genitals, the male or female genitals in a state of sexual stimulation or arousal, or covered male genitals in a discernibly turgid state; and
(c) Taken as a whole, lacks serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value.
(3) “Obscene device” means a device including a dildo or artificial vagina, designed or marketed as useful primarily for the stimulation of human genital organs.
(4) “Patently offensive” means so offensive on its face as to affront current community standards of tolerance.
(5) “Performance” means a play, motion picture, dance, or other exhibition performed before an audience.
(6) “Promote” means to manufacture, issue, sell, give, provide, lend, mail, deliver, transfer, transmit, publish, distribute, circulate, disseminate, present, exhibit, or advertise, or to offer or agree to do the same.
(6.5) “Prurient interest” means a shameful or morbid interest.
(7) “Simulated” means the explicit depiction or description of any of the types of conduct set forth in paragraph (b) of subsection (2) of this section, which creates the appearance of such conduct.
(8) “Wholesale promote” means to manufacture, issue, sell, provide, mail, deliver, transfer, transmit, publish, distribute, circulate, disseminate, or to offer or agree to do the same for purpose of resale.
(9) If any of the depictions or descriptions of sexual conduct described in this section are declared by a court of competent jurisdiction to be unlawfully included herein, this declaration shall not invalidate this section as to other patently offensive sexual conduct included herein. - C.R.S. 18-7-102 – Obscenity
(1)
(a) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (1.5) of this section, a person commits wholesale promotion of obscenity if, knowing its content and character, such person wholesale promotes or possesses with intent to wholesale promote any obscene material.
(b) Wholesale promotion of obscenity is a class 1 misdemeanor.
(1.5)
(a) A person commits wholesale promotion of obscenity to a minor if, knowing its content and character, such person wholesale promotes to a minor or possesses with intent to wholesale promote to a minor any obscene material.
(b) Wholesale promotion of obscenity to a minor is a class 6 felony.
(2)
(a) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (2.5) of this section, a person commits promotion of obscenity if, knowing its content and character, such person:
(I) Promotes or possesses with intent to promote any obscene material; or
(II) Produces, presents, or directs an obscene performance or participates in a portion thereof that is obscene or that contributes to its obscenity.
(b) Promotion of obscenity is a class 2 misdemeanor.
(2.5)
(a) A person commits promotion of obscenity to a minor if, knowing its content and character, such person:
(I) Promotes to a minor or possesses with intent to promote to a minor any obscene material; or
(II) Produces, presents, or directs an obscene performance involving a minor or participates in a portion thereof that is obscene or that contributes to its obscenity.
(b) Promotion of obscenity to a minor is a class 6 felony.
(3) Repealed.
(4) A person who possesses six or more identical obscene materials is presumed to possess them with intent to promote the same.
(5) This section does not apply to a person who possesses or distributes obscene material or participates in conduct otherwise proscribed by this section when the possession, participation, or conduct occurs in the course of law enforcement activities.
(6) This section does not apply to a person’s conduct otherwise proscribed by this section which occurs in that person’s residence as long as that person does not engage in the wholesale promotion or promotion of obscene material in his residence. - C.R.S. 18-7-102; C.R.S. 18-7-101. Prior to March 1, 2022, class 2 misdemeanors carried 3 to 12 months in jail, and/or $250 to $1,000 in fines. SB21-271.
- C.R.S. 18-7-102; C.R.S. 18-7-101. Prior to March 1, 2022, class 1 misdemeanors carried 6 to 18 months in jail, and/or $500 to $5,000 in fines. SB21-271.
- C.R.S. 18-7-102; C.R.S. 18-7-101.
- C.R.S. 18-7-102. See our related article, Promotion of Obscenity to a Minor in Colorado – What is the Penalty?
- C.R.S. 16-22-102 subsections v & w.
- See People v. Ford (Colo. 1989) 773 P.2d 1059.